Background: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a common long standing mental illness which is episodic in nature, affecting approximately1-2% of the world adult population. BD frequently affects the patient’ s life. Few studies have examined the Functional impairment in patients with affective illness. The main objective of the current study was to assess specific domains of functioning as well as the overall functioning of the clients with BD. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of function among the clients with BD in JIPMER Hospital, Puducherry during 2015-2016 and to identify the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with the level of functioning. Ninety clients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of having the diagnosis of BD were selected after written informed consents were obtained. After collecting basic demographic and clinical variables, function was assessed using 2 different sets of tools LIFE-RIFT and FAST. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Independent sample t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used as different statistical methods. A P value less than. 05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Based on the results, the Functional level assessed using LIFE-RIFT showed a mean score of 26. 7± 4. 7for the admitted clients and 21± 12. 5 for outpatients. The Functional level of clients was significantly related to admission and remission status of the clients with a P=0. 001 Similarly, FAST scale score for the admitted clients was 51± 4. 5, clients on remission had 24± 12. 1 with a P=0. 001. Conclusion: Results revealed that even during remission the clients with BD had Functional impairment. More interventions are needed to improve the Functional ability of clients with BD.

Introduction: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) usually report gait and balance disorders. Exercise therapy, especially strengthening exercise, is a safe and effective treatment approach in these patients. Therefore, the aim of this review study was to determine the effect of strengthening exercises on Functional ability in patients with MS. Methods and Materials: A search of databases such as PubMed, science direct, Cochrane library, and Google scholar was reviewed to determine the existing articles on the effect of strengthening exercises on Functional ability in patients with MS. Results: According to the evaluation of studies from 2000 to 2020, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. These articles examined the effect of strengthening exercises on Functional ability in patients with MS. The results showed that strengthening exercises improved balance variables, Functional ability, strength, and quality of life. Conclusion: Various interventions including stretching, balance, strengthening exercises, and electrical stimulation have been used to treat balance disorders, decreased muscle strength, gait efficiency and quality of life in patients with MS. Among these interventions, strengthening exercises have been shown to play an effective role in improving Functional ability, although more studies are needed in this area.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and risk factors and ability to predict injuries in male and female athletes. Methods: Fifty-five students of physical education and sport sciences (32 male, 23 female, age=19. 22 ± 0. 91 yrs. height = 170. 05 ± 8. 56 cm) were objectively selected to participate in this research. To evaluate the quality of the movements FMS was used. To evaluate injury risk factors some standard tests such as; medicine ball throw, agility t-test, vertical jump, Y balance, 45-m sprint and V-sit flexibility tests were used. Pearson correlation and logistic regression were used for data analysis (p≤ 0. 05). Results: Logistic regression indicated that students with FMS scores≤ 14, 4. 12 time higher than the other students (FMS>14) supposed to lower extremities injuries (p=0. 012). Pearson correlations showed that FMS had significantly negative correlation whit agility and sprint (p< 0. 05). Also, FMS had significantly positive correlation whit vertical jump, Y balance and V-sit flexibility (p< 0. 05). But, FMS did not have significant correlation whit medicine ball throw (p>0. 05). According to FMS scores, 67% of the subjects were supposed to increase risk of injury. Conclusion: Therefore, the FMS test can be used as a predictor of lower body sport injuries. It is also a suitable tool to assess athletic physical performance, before and after participating in sports.

Background and Objectives: These days, due to increasing of old people’ s population, elderly is a world widely issue. According to World Health Organization (WHO) people older than 60 years old are called elderly. Becoming old leads to decline in physical ability and increase in physical limitations and therefore there is a need for matching the environment with elderly users. The aim of this study is to develop and valid of check lists for screening the environment risk factor and assessing of elderly Functional ability for environment and tools designing. Methods: Present study is an analytical and descriptive study, which was performed in 20 houses for old people in Lar city. Data collection was done on existing articles and checklists, and also interview and observation with elderly. Existing checklist was evaluated in validity and reliability with high acceptable level. Results: Based on findings of this study, height of mirror of wash-stand, height of wash-stand, dimension of yard and doorway was considered in ergonomics risk factors checklist. Items like opening door personally was involved in Functional ability checklist. Validity score was lower than 0. 78. Conclusion: According to findings, it’ s necessary to consider elderly limitations and ability in designing environment and tools in order to resolve their problems and increase their quality of life.